NAD+

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme present in all living cells, essential for energy metabolism and cellular function. It plays a pivotal role in redox reactions, transferring electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. In research laboratory settings, NAD+ is studied for its involvement in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating enzymatic activity in non-human test subjects.

NAD+ serves as a substrate for NAD+-dependent enzymes, including sirtuins and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which are critical for DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, and stress response mechanisms. Research shows its potential in modulating mitochondrial function, enhancing cellular energy production, and influencing pathways related to longevity and resilience in test subjects. Its ability to regulate inflammatory responses and oxidative stress makes NAD+ a key focus in studies exploring metabolic and cellular health in research models.